Fort Pitt Block House

The Fort Pitt Block House, a pentagonal-shaped structure of brick and stone, was built in 1764 as an outlying redoubt of Fort Pitt at the confluence of the Allegheny, Monongahela and Ohio rivers in what is today Pittsburgh. The British constructed Fort Pitt in 1759–61, after gaining control of the Ohio River valley from the French. The fort was built using the star-shaped, bastion trace design...
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The French and Indian War in Western Pennsylvania by Robert M. Dunkerly

The French and Indian War in Western Pennsylvania by Robert M. Dunkerly History Press, 208 pp., paperback $24.99 The French and Indian War in Western Pennsylvania is an accessible and user-friendly introduction to the commonwealth’s role in the Seven Years’ War. Beginning with an overview of the region’s Native American history, Dunkerly employs a tried-and-true approach to guide the reader...
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Lost and Found: The Rediscovery of Colonial Fort Halifax

As the fleet of bateaux slipped into the lee of what would come to be called Clemson Island and Lingle Island along the east shore of the mile-wide Susquehanna River, the smoke from the Armstrong family’s compound would have been visible to the men in the boats, as would the distinctive hook-shaped mouth of the creek that enters the river there. Aboard the 20-odd bateaux and several dugout...
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2022 Trails

With what feels like record speed, it’s once again time for our look back at the past year. Our steady rebound from 2020’s COVID-19–related site closures and event cancellations continued into 2022, with ongoing efforts to balance staff and visitor safety with everyone’s desire to get back out onto the Pennsylvania Trails of History. Visitation levels that started to increase in 2021 have...
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Lenape Homecoming at Pennsbury Manor

Over the course of four days this past April, the remains of approximately 180 Lenape ancestors were reinterred at Pennsbury Manor, the reconstructed home of William Penn near Morrisville in Bucks County. The ceremony brought together leaders of all five federally recognized tribes of the Lenape diaspora: the Delaware Nation of Oklahoma, the Delaware Tribe of Indians (Oklahoma), the...
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To Risk It All by Michael N. McConnell

To Risk It All General Forbes, the Capture of Fort Duquesne, and the Course of Empire in the Ohio Country by Michael N. McConnell University of Pittsburgh Press, 399 pp., hardcover $35 Michael McConnell restores urgency to the Seven Years’ War in To Risk It All. Eleven chapters explore, as the author notes, “How he [Brig. Gen. John Forbes] succeeded, and what his success meant to the subsequent...
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The Source: Native American Quarries in Pennsylvania

Sitting in a folding chair in front of an informational table at the annual Danville Heritage Festival, PennDOT archaeologist Susanne Haney considers an inch-and-a-half-thick, dinner-platesized fragment of metarhyolite. Susanne is one of the most accomplished flintknappers I know. Flintknapping is the prehistoric art of producing stone tools by shaping various kinds of suitable rock with stone...
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Susquehannock Village at Lemoyne

Around 1610 a group of Susquehannocks, an Iroquoian-speaking Native American tribe, established a village perched on a bluff overlooking the Susquehanna River in what is today Lemoyne, Cumberland County. Fast forward to 2007 when archaeologists began excavating that site in advance of a proposed railroad connector project. There they uncovered evidence of the village, including a wooden...
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Editor’s Letter

The cover of this edition features a poignant watercolor portrait, Woman in Blue, Waiting, by a Philadelphia artist whose work has been regrettably overlooked in the past but is now being rediscovered as new studies and exhibitions, as well as a preservation effort to save his home, have emerged in recent years. Printmaker and painter Dox Thrash sought to document the African American experience...
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The Longest Walk in Pennsylvania

  In the summer of 1978, cars on the Pennsylvania Turnpike slowed as they carefully drove past a procession of American Indians walking along the superhighway. The group, closely packed into the road’s shoulder, carried colorful banners and a sacred pipe. Some beat drums and chanted prayers for peace as they marched ahead. As these marchers continued across Pennsylvania, they were joined by...
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